Sallekhana, also known as Santhara or Samadhi-marana, is a religious vow or practice in Jainism, an ancient Indian religion. It is a form of voluntary fasting unto death. The term “Sallekhana” is derived from the Sanskrit words “salla” (spike or thorn) and “ekhane” (together), suggesting a gradual thinning of karmic matter in the soul.
Sallekhana is undertaken by Jain monks and nuns, as well as by devout Jain laypersons, usually towards the end of their lives. It is considered an ultimate act of renunciation and detachment from the material world. The practice involves gradually reducing the intake of food and water until death occurs naturally.
Central to the practice of Sallekhana is the idea of achieving a peaceful and spiritually elevated state, free from attachment and desires. It is viewed as a means of purifying one’s soul and achieving liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death (samsara).
However, it’s important to note that the practice of Sallekhana is a matter of considerable debate, both within Jainism and in wider society. While it is revered by some as a profound act of spiritual devotion and detachment, others criticize it as controversial, raising ethical concerns about suicide, particularly when it comes to determining the voluntariness of the act and its potential impact on individuals and society.
When people practice Sallekhana, they stop eating and drinking on purpose until they pass away. This has serious effects on their health:
- Thirst: Not drinking water makes them very thirsty and can lead to feeling dizzy and confused.
- Body Nutrients: Not eating means their body doesn’t get the nutrients it needs to stay healthy, making them weak and tired.
- Organ Problems: Important organs like the liver and kidneys might not work well because they need food and water to function properly.
- Feeling Confused: Their brain might not work as well, making them feel confused or not think clearly.
- Muscle Loss: Not eating enough can make their muscles shrink, making them weaker.
- Getting Sick Easily: Without enough food and water, their body’s defense system against sickness might not work well, so they could get sick more easily.
- Feeling Sad: Doing Sallekhana can be tough emotionally, making them and their loved ones feel sad.
A Well-Known Jain Monk named Shri Vidyasagar Jain Ji, recently passed away after practicing Sallekhana. on 18th February 2024.